Choosing the right tack for your horse is just as important as a regular dentist and farrier checkups because a non-fitting saddle or bridle can cause much damage to the horse. This article gives you a guideline on what to keep in mind when it comes to bridles and how to check for yourself if the bridle fits your horse.
What Are Horse Bridles?
The bridle is an essential part of the riding equipment because it holds the bit in the horse’s mouth and transports the signals from the rider’s hands correctly to the horse. This makes the bridle a medium because it mediates the communication between the rider and the horse: The bit, bridle and reins function together to give the rider control over the horse's head. The bit applies pressure to the horse's mouth and reinforces the other aids of the rider which are the rider's legs and the weight distribution. A skilled rider and an experienced horse don’t need the reins and the bit as main means of communication but more as a “contact cable”.The Different Parts of an English Bridle
The headpiece (or crownpiece) is the piece of equipment that goes on the horse's head and behind the horse’s ears. It is attached to the cheek pieces that are connected to the bit and secure its position. This makes the headpiece the central piece of the bridle because it is the main strap that holds the other parts of the bridle in place. The browband covers the horse’s forehead by being attached below the ears. The brow band prevents the bridle from sliding back towards the horse's neck. The browbands are the piece of the bridle that can be styled in a very fashionable way with beautiful stones or gems covering the band. Just like the browband in the picture on top! The throatlatch is a latch that is attached under the horse’s ears and goes under the horse’s throat where it is also fastened. It is very important that the throat latch is not fastened too tightly, so the horse’s breathing is not restricted as soon as it goes on the bit. The main purpose of the throat latch is to prevent the bridle from getting off above the horse's head, which can happen in case of an accident or if the horse rubs its head on something. The cheek pieces that were already mentioned, are straps that hold the bit. They can also be adjusted to extend or shorten the length of the straps and thereby of course also the height of the bit in the horse’s mouth. The noseband is a band that goes around the nose of the horse. Its purpose is to keep the other bridle parts in their position and to prevent the horse from opening his mouth. The noseband can occur in the form of a cavesson or a Hanoverian noseband. The cavesson is placed on the back of the nose and slightly below the cheekbone. The Hanoverian (or also drop noseband) surrounds the horse’s nose at a lower point than the cavesson since it is placed under the bit and goes in the horse’s chin groove. However, it still rests on the nasal bone. The flash is a thin strap that is attached to the noseband and secured under the horse’s chin. Its purpose is to stabilize the bit in the horse’s mouth and to prevent him from crossing his jaw or putting his tongue over the bit. The flash can’t be used on a drop noseband and sometimes isn’t used at all due to its decreasing popularity among the equestrian community. The bit goes inside the horse's mouth and is placed in the interdental place between the horse's teeth known as the "bars.” Two rings left and right from the bit are also attached and they rest on the outside of the horse’s mouth. There are like thousands of different types of mouthpieces but that’s a topic for another time. The reins of a bridle are attached to the bit rings and thereby link the rider to the horse. The reins are the rider's link to the horse and are seen on every bridle.
Types of English Bridles
In general, there are two main categories of bridles: The Western bridles and the English bridles. The Western bridles have a different style since they usually don’t have nosebands and browbands. This kind of snaffle is often combined with a Pelham bit or no bit at all due to the little communication with the reins in Western Riding. An example of a bridle without a bit would be the Hackamore where the pressure of the rider’s rein aids is transported to the back of the nose. But we want to focus on types of English Bridles in this chapter: The English Bridles can occur primarily in a snaffle bridle or double bridle. The snaffle bridle has one bit and one set of reins whereas the double bridle has two different bits and two collections of reins. Double Bridle (or Full Bridle): The full bridle, as already mentioned, has two bits: A small snaffle, called a bridoon, and a curb bit. That’s why this kind of bridle has two cheek pieces per side. A full bridle also requires two sets of reins– one for each bit. This makes the rein aids sharper and more effective: That’s why the double bridle only belongs in the hands of experienced riders who are riding in an advanced level of dressage. Snaffle bridle: The typical snaffle bridle is the most common bridle and can be used in most English disciplines like dressage riding, show jumping, eventing and of course when hacking out. The snaffle has only one bit and a cavesson noseband, sometimes with a flash attached to it. Snaffle with a Figure Eight Noseband: The snaffle with a figure-eight noseband is seen mostly in show jumping, cross country, or polo. The function of the figure-eight noseband is that the mouth is kept closed while the nostrils are allowed to flare and thus the breathing is not restricted at all. Snaffle with a Drop Noseband: The snaffle bridle with a drop noseband looks just like the basic snaffle bridle with one difference: Instead of the cavesson noseband, the drop noseband is attached to the bridle. The drop noseband is placed lower on the back of the nose and keeps the horse’s mouth closed thus kind of combining the functions of a noseband and a flash.A Guide on How to Bridle
If you have made it this far, you now know how a bridle looks like, that there are different types of bridles and what the components of it are. Now it’s time to bridle the horse with a basic English snaffle. But how to do it properly? We start with putting the reins over the horse’s head and holding on to them. Then it’s time to unclip the head collar. It’s important to hang up the head collar, so no one steps- and gets caught in it. Then the horse’s nose should be held with one hand to prevent it from raising its head. The bridle should be cleared by putting up the noseband and making sure the buckles are on the outside, so the bit is free. The next step is to sort the bit with the left hand and place it in the horse’s mouth carefully. If the horse doesn’t want to open its mouth, there is a trick: You can slip your thumb in your horse’s mouth gap (where no teeth are!) to encourage him to open his mouth. After the bit is placed in the mouth, the rest of the bridle should be lifted and the headpiece goes behind the horse’s ears- Gently! The ears can be flicked through or folded. Now it’s time to move the reins over the neck and to move the forelock to the front and to lift it over the browband. No one would like to have his hair stuck somewhere. Afterward, it’s time to fasten the latches: First, the throat latch is fastened. The rule that applies here is that an upright fist should fit between the throat of the horse and the throat latch. Now we move on to the noseband. It should be put underneath both cheek pieces and two fingers should fit between the ridge of the nose and the noseband. The same applies to the flash strap if the bridle has one included. The horse is finally bridled and we’re almost ready to take off. But before we can ride the horse, it is our duty as riders and owners to check if the equipment actually fits our horse. A bridle that doesn’t fit can cause much harm and pain and of course, we don’t want that to happen. In her training course, Sibylle Wiemer demonstrates how to bridle your horse correctly and how to make sure that the bridle fits correctly.